Coffer
A coffer (or coffering) in architecture, is a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault.[1] A series of these sunken panels were used as decoration for a ceiling or a vault, also called caissons ('boxes"), or lacunaria ("spaces, openings"),[2] so that a coffered ceiling can be called a lacunar ceiling. The stone coffers of the ancient Greeks[3] and Romans[4] are the earliest surviving examples, but a seventh-century BCE Etruscan chamber tomb in the necropolis of San Giuliano, which is cut in soft tufa-like stone reproduces a ceiling with beams and cross-beams lying on them, with flat panels fillings the lacunae.[5] Wooden coffers were first made by crossing the wooden beams of a ceiling in the Loire Valley châteaus of the early Renaissance.[6]
Experimentation with the possible shapes of coffering, which solve problems of mathematical tiling, or tessellation, were a feature of Islamic as well as Renaissance architecture. The more complicated problems of diminishing the scale of the individual coffers were presented by the requirements of curved surfaces of vaults and domes.
A prominent example of Roman coffering, employed to lighten the weight of the dome, can be found in the ceiling of the rotunda dome in the Pantheon, Rome.
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A zaojing is a wooden dome, otherwise known as a coffer, over an imperial throne or statue in Chinese architecture.[7]
 Gilded coffering on a barrel vault of the apsis in Nazaré, Portugal |
 Giuliano da Sangallo's flat caisson ceiling, Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome |
 Problems arising where vaults intersect are not always successfully solved (Commerce Court, Toronto) |
 Painted coffering in octagons and squares at Fontainebleau |
 Coffered ceiling with 39 painted panels in Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, Italy |
 15th-century flat coffered ceiling, Duomo of Pisa |
 Inside Pisa's Duomo |
 Neoclassical coffered dome of James Wyatt's Pantheon, London |
 Coffering in modern architecture:the Washington Metro |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ceilings |
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Look up Coffer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Dome
- Dropped ceiling
- Luminous ceiliing
- Cove ceiling
- Beam ceiling
- ^ Ching, Francis D.K. (1995). A Visual Dictionary of Architecture. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. p. 30. ISBN 0-471-82451-3.
- ^ An alternative, in a description of Domitian's audience hall by Statius, noted by Ulrich 2007:156, is laquearia, not a copyist's error, as it appears in Manilius' Astronomica (1.533, quoted by Ulrich).
- ^ An example is the main hieron at Samothrace, where stone ceiling beams of the pronaos carried a coffered ceiling of marble slabs across a span of about 6.15 m (J.J. Coulton, Ancient Greek Architects at Work: Problems of Structure and Design (Cornell University Press) 1982:147.
- ^ Roman wooden coffered ceilings are discussed in Roger Bradley Ulrich, Roman Woodworking, ch. "Roofing and ceilings" (Yale University Press) 2007.
- ^ Illustrated in Ulrich, fig 8.27.
- ^ "coffer", Encyclopedia Britannica Online, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9024646/coffer, retrieved on 17 October 2007.
- ^ Ching et al, Francis D.K. (2007). A Global History of Architecture. New York: John Wiley and Sons. p. 787. ISBN 0-471-82451-3.
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